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Electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride solution Electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution   At anode :                       Anions :  OH-   and   Cl-   OH- ions are selectively discharge according to the position of ions in the Electrochemical Series, ES.   Gas bubbles are formed which lighted up a glowing wooden splinter. This gas is oxygen.   4OH- ---> 2 H2O  +  O2   +  4e   At anode :                       Anions :  OH-   and   Cl-   Cl- ions are discharged instead of OH- because of their higher concentration in the electrolyte.   A greenish-yellow gas with a pungent and choking smell is released. The gas turns the blue litmus paper red and then white.   2Cl-  --->  Cl2    +     2e     At cathode: Cations :  H+   dan   Na+   H+ ions are selectively discharge according to the position of ions in the ES.   Gas bubbles are formed. When a lighted wooden splinter is placed near the mouth of   the test tube, a ‘pop’ sou

Acid and base information

Acidic,Basic and Neutral Substances Acidic substances Materials that contain an acid in them are called acidic substances. Acids are of 2 types- •Mineral Acid •Organic Acid Mineral Acid A mineral acid is an acid derived from on or more inorganic compounds.They are not Organic. Examples are-Sulphuric Acid,Nitric Acid. Organic Acid They occur naturally in animal and plant materials Ex: Tartaric Acid from Grapes,Lactic acid from milk. Characteristics of Acidic Substances are- •They have a sour taste and are corrosive •They are soluble in water Acids can also be either dilute or concentrated. Acids with more amount of water are called dilute acids.Acids with less amount of water are called concentrated acids. Acids can also be either strong or weak. Strong acids are highly corrosive and can cause burns.Ex:Nitric,Sulphuric Acid Weak acids are not so destructive. Basic Substances Substances that contain a base are called basic substances. Examples are Sodium Hy

Titration of formula

Titration Formula A titration can determine the volume of one solution required to react exactly with a known volume of another solution. Titration frequently involve the reaction other than acid-base reactions, such as redox reactions and reactions involving precipitations. "A titration can determine the volume of one solution required to react exactly with a known volume of another solution." The equation for Titration Formula is expressed as Titration Formula Where •N = normality of titrant •V = volume of titrant •Eq.wt = equivalent weight of acid •W = mass of sample •1000 = factor relating mg to grams However in common the Titration Formula is written as Titration Formula Where •N = normality of titrant •V1 = volume of titrant •Eq.wt = equivalent weight of predominant acid •V2 = volume of sample

GLUCOSE

What  is glucose? What its formula?  Glucose is something which is very sweet and gives us instant energy.Its just like the process of photosynthesis.Glucose and sugar have a big difference.Glucos e is hydrated and more sweeter than sugar.It gives us instant energy cause it contains extr,a water.An example of glucose could be anything which contains sugar.Example :Glucond -d formula for glucose is C6H12O6. Glucose is the human bodies key source of energy because it is required for respiration. Through digestion, glucose is broken down into components the body can use to generate ATP from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. ATP is the molecular unit of currency for a cell.  

Challenging Questions

Question 1 Balance the following equation: __ KOH + __ H3PO4 → __ K3PO4 + __ H2O Question 2 Balance the following equation: __ KNO3 + __ H2CO3 → __ K2CO3 + __ HNO3 Question 3 Balance the following equation: __ Na3PO4 + __ HCl → __ NaCl + __ H3PO4 Question 4 Balance the following equation: __ TiCl4 + __ H2O + __ TiO2 + __ HCl Question 5 Balance the following equation: __ C2H6O + __ O2 → __ CO2 + __ H2O Question 6 Balance the following equation: __ Fe + __ HC2H3O2 → __ Fe(C2H3O2)3 + __ H2 Question 7 Balance the following equation: __ NH3 + __ O2 → __ NO + __ H2O Question 8Question 9 Balance the following equation: __ B2Br6 + __ HNO3 → __ B(NO3)3 + __ HBr Balance the following equation: __ NH4OH + __ Kal(SO4)2·12H2O → __ Al(OH)3 + __ (NH4)2SO4 + __ KOH + __ H2O Answers 1. 1 SnO2 + 2 H2 → 1 Sn + 2 H2O 2. 3 KOH + 1 H3PO4 → 1 K3PO4 + 3 H2O 3. 2 KNO3 + 1 H2CO3 → 1 K2CO3 + 2 HNO3 4. 1 Na3PO4 + 3 HCl → 3 NaCl + 1 H3PO4 5. 1 TiCl4 + 2 H2O + 1 TiO2 + 4 HCl 6. 1 C2H6O + 3 O2 → 2

Information for chemistry students

 Like chemistry but don’t know what jobs you can do if you study it further? Explore our future careers pages.  Confused by the range of chemistry qualifications on offer? Not sure if you want to go to university or get on the job training? Learn more about your study options.  There are many reasons why you might want to study chemistry or a related subject further:  It helps you to be analytical and logical – these skills are useful for many careers, not just in science It helps in lots of different subjects, can apply to everything, great foundation It is a core subject that takes you wherever you want to go in science Compulsory for medicine and other degrees It is an impressive degree to get It can lead to so many careers You just love chemistry!  Whatever the reason you have for thinking about studying chemistry further, explore the website to help you learn more about the opportunities it can offer you.

Bacteria may have ability to reduce impact of diazepam on UK river environments - Chemistry2011.org

Bacteria may have ability to reduce impact of diazepam on UK river environments.