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The other day I mentioned a study that found the severity of a hangover is related to the color of the alcohol, which was a reflection of the chemical composition of the drink. There's more to hangover chemistry than just the color of the drink, however. For example, some people's biochemistry essentially makes them immune to hangovers. These people can detoxify the alcohol, acetaldehyde, and congeners quickly enough to escape most of the negative effects of alcohol consumption, except maybe the effects of dehydration, since the enzymes responsible for clearing the body of alcohol and its metabolites require water. If you are not a member of that lucky 25-30% of people who don't get hangovers, you can minimize your chances of suffering by avoiding deeply colored drinks, staying hydrated, and limiting your consumption. Keep in mind, some alcoholic beverages contain enough contaminants that it's not the alcohol that gives you the hangover, so even one drink might be eno...

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"For studies of the structure and function of the ribosome" Photo: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Credits: Michael Marsland/Yale University Credits: Micheline Pelletier/Corbis Venkatraman Ramakrishna Thomas A. Steitz Ada E. Yonath 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize United Kingdom USA Israel MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge, United Kingdom Yale University New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel b. 1952 (in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India) b. 1940 b. 1939

Prize Announcement   Announcement of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry by Professor Gunnar Öquist, Secretary General of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 7 October 2009 .         Interview  Following the announcement, Professor Gunnar von Heijne told senior editor Simon Frantz how the achievements awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry not only provided insights into life at the atomic level, but also provided insights into how to save lives.    

In 1901 the very first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacobus H. van 't Hoff for his work on rates of reaction, chemical equilibrium, and osmotic pressure. In more recent years, the Chemistry Nobel Laureates have increased our understanding of chemical processes and their molecular basis, and have also contributed to many of the technological advancements we enjoy today.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded 101 times to 157 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2009. Frederick Sanger is the only Nobel Laureate who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice, in 1958 and 1980. This means that a total of 156 individuals have received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Click on each name to see the Nobel Laureate's page. Jump down to: | 1980 | 1960 | 1940 | 1920 | 1901 | 2009 - Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath 2008 - Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien 2007 - Gerhard Ertl 2006 - Roger D. Kornberg 2005 - Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock 2004 - Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose 2003 - Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon 2002 - John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich 2001 - William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless 2000 - Alan Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa 1999 - Ahmed Zewail 1998 - Walter Kohn, John Pople 1997 - Paul D. Boyer...

It's easy to make brilliant green fire. This cool chemistry project requires only two household chemicals. Green Fire Materials Boric Acid Medical grade boric acid can be found in the pharmacy sections of some stores for use as a disinfectant. It is a white powder. It's not the same chemical as borax. I used Enoz Roach Away™, which is 99% boric acid, sold with household insecticides. Heet™ Gas Line Antifreeze and Water Remover Heet™ is sold with automotive chemicals. Metal or Stoneware Container Lighter Instructions for Making Green Fire Pour some Heet™ into the container. How much you use will determine how long your fire will burn. I used about a half cup of Heet™ for approximately 10 minutes of fire. Sprinkle some boric acid into the liquid and swirl it around to mix it up. I used 1-2 teaspoons of powder. It won't all dissolve, so don't worry about some powder at the bottom of the container. Set the container on a heat-safe surface and ignite it with a lighter...